概述
UNS N04400 — Alloy 400, traded as Monel 400 — is a nickel-copper solid-solution alloy with 63.0% minimum nickel and 28.0–34.0% copper, and it has been the reference material for seawater and hydrofluoric acid service since the 1920s. It resists flowing seawater even at high velocity, handles hydrofluoric acid across its full concentration range when deaerated, survives hot concentrated caustic where stainless steels crack, and is immune to chloride stress-corrosion cracking; strength and toughness are retained from cryogenic temperatures up to roughly 480°C, with a Curie temperature of 20–50°C making it mildly magnetic at room temperature and non-magnetic above it. Because Alloy 400 is a single-phase solid solution it cannot be hardened by heat treatment — strength is set entirely by cold work, which is why the ASTM B164 condition range runs from annealed (480 MPa min) through hot-worked (552 MPa min) to cold-worked stress-relieved (600 MPa min). Shanghai Vertex Alloy Co., Ltd supplies N04400 rod and bar to ASTM B164 Class A — the low-sulfur composition specified for cold forging, as opposed to the free-machining N04405 Class B — and seamless tube and pipe to ASTM B165, with ASTM B513 supplementary non-destructive examination requirements available for nuclear and other special applications. Bar is available from Ø 6 to 305 mm in round, hexagon, square and flat form; seamless tube from OD 6 to 219 mm with 0.5–20 mm wall, including heat exchanger tubing from OD 6.35 mm. Every shipment carries an EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate with heat number, chemical analysis and mechanical results; hydrostatic or eddy-current testing, PMI, third-party inspection (SGS, BV, TUV) and flexible MOQ are available. "Monel®" is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation — Shanghai Vertex Alloy Co., Ltd supplies the equivalent ASTM B164 / B165 grade. Contact Shanghai Vertex Alloy Co., Ltd for latest stock, sizes and pricing.
尺寸范围
- Bar diameter: 6–305 mm (hot worked / forged); cold drawn ≤ 101.6 mm
- Tube OD:6–219 mm (1/4"–8"), wall 0.5–20 mm
- Condition:Annealed / hot-worked / cold-worked (as-worked or stress-relieved)
- Length:Bar 1,000–6,000 mm; tube random 5.8–6.1 m or cut-to-length up to 12 m
- Surface:Pickled, bright annealed, turned / peeled, polished on request
牌号标准
| 标准体系 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| Grade | UNS N04400 (Alloy 400 / Monel 400) |
| W.Nr / EN | 2.4360 (2.4361 low-carbon) / NiCu30Fe |
化学成分
| 元素 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni), incl. Cobalt | 63.0 min |
| Copper (Cu) | 28.0–34.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 2.50 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.00 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.30 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.50 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.024 |
机械性能
| 性能 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength min. | 552 MPa (80 ksi) |
| Yield Strength 0.2% min. | 276 MPa (40 ksi) |
| Elongation min. | 30% |
物理性能
| 性能 | 单位 | 数值 |
|---|---|---|
| Density | - | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) |
| Melting Range | - | 1,300–1,350°C (2,370–2,460°F) |
| Modulus of Elasticity | - | 179 GPa (26.0 × 10⁶ psi) |
| Thermal Conductivity (20°C) | - | 21.8 W/(m·K) |
| Specific Heat | - | 427 J/(kg·K) |
| Electrical Resistivity | - | 0.511 µΩ·m (51.1 µΩ·cm) |
| CTE, 20–100°C | - | 13.9 × 10⁻⁶ /K |
| CTE, 20–200°C | - | 15.5 × 10⁻⁶ /K |
| CTE, 20–425°C | - | 16.0 × 10⁻⁶ /K |
| Curie Temperature | - | 20–50°C |
| Magnetic Behaviour | - | Mildly magnetic at room temperature; essentially non-magnetic above the Curie temperature |
| Max Service Temperature | - | ≈ 480°C continuous, up to 538°C short-term |
应用场景
- Oil & Gas:Sour gas tubing, pump shafts, valve trim, HF alkylation unit piping
- Marine & Offshore:Seawater piping, propeller shafts, pump and valve parts, marine fasteners
- Chemical Processing:HF and sulfuric acid lines, caustic loops, heat exchanger tubing, vessels
- Power & Desalination:Boiler feedwater heaters, MSF / MED desalination tubing and pipework
- Petrochemical:Crude distillation trays, chlorine / chlor-alkali equipment
- Nuclear:Uranium refining and isotope separation equipment (B513 supplementary NDT requirements)
- Instrumentation:Trace-heating tubing, instrumentation and impulse lines in chloride-rich environments