ภาพรวม
Monel 400 (UNS N04400 / Werkstoff 2.4360) is a nickel-copper solid-solution alloy containing approximately 67% nickel, 23% copper, with small additions of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. It is the most widely used of the Monel family of alloys, offering excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of environments — particularly seawater, brine, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid,alkalies, and neutral salts. The alloy retains good mechanical properties from sub-zero temperatures up to about 535 °C and is readily fabricated by hot and cold working, machining, and welding. Monel 400 is non-sparks (produces no spark when struck), and is one of the few commercially available alloys approved for service in hydrofluoric acid and fluorine gas atmospheres.It is widely used in marine engineering, chemical processing, oil & gas production, and nuclear power generation.
คำอธิบาย (อังกฤษ)
Monel 400 combines high strength with excellent corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environments, making it a standard material for marine hardware, pump and valve components, heat exchangers, and process piping. The alloy is slightly magnetic at room temperature (Curie temperature around 21–49 °C) and cannot be hardened by heat treatment; strength can only be increased by cold working. Monel 400 has been an industry standard since 1905 and is approved under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for service in many corrosive applications. It is also used in safety applications requiring non-sparking tools and components in flammable atmospheres.
ช่วงขนาด
- Plate: thickness 0.5–100 mm × width ≤ 2400 mm × length ≤ 6000 mm
- Sheet: thickness 0.3–6.0 mm × width ≤ 1500 mm
- Strip: thickness 0.05–3.0 mm × width ≤ 600 mm (coil)
ข้อกำหนดเกรด
| ระบบ | ค่า |
|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 UNS | N04400 |
| Werkstoff | 2.4360 / 2.4361 |
| 🇺🇸 AMS | AMS 4574 |
| 🇺🇸 ASTM | Alloy 400 / Monel 400 |
| 🇪🇺 EN | NiCu30 |
| 🇩🇪 DIN | NiCu30Fe |
| AFNOR | NU30 |
| ГОСТ | НМЖМц28-2.5-1.5 |
| 🇯🇵 JIS | NCu30 / NW4400 |
| 🇨🇳 GB | NS 6400 |
องค์ประกอบทางเคมี
| ธาตุ | ค่า |
|---|---|
| C | ≤0.3 |
| Mn | ≤2 |
| Fe | ≤2.5 |
| S | ≤0.024 |
| Si | ≤0.5 |
| Cu | 28-34 |
| Ni | ≥ |
| Co | ≤1 |
คุณสมบัติเชิงกล
| productCenter.property | ค่า |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 517–620 MPa |
| Yield strength (Rp0.2) | 170–345 MPa |
| Elongation at break (A50mm) | 35–60 % |
| Reduction of area | 60–75 % |
คุณสมบัติทางกายภาพ
| คุณสมบัติ | หน่วย | ค่า |
|---|---|---|
| Density | g/cm³ | 8.80 g/cm³ |
| Melting range | °C | 1300–1350 °C |
| Modulus of elasticity (20 °C) | GPa | 179 GPa |
| Modulus of rigidity | - | 65 GPa |
การใช้งาน
- Marine engineering — propeller shafts, seawater pump shafts, impellers
- Seawater service — heat exchangers, condensers, piping, valves
- Chemical processing — hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, alkalis
- Oil & gas — downhole tubing, christmas trees, hangers
- Hydrofluoric acid production and handling
- Chlorinated solvents production
- Salt manufacturing equipment
- Pulp and paper — bleach plant equipment
- Power generation — feedwater heaters, nuclear steam generators
- Refinery — crude distillation overhead systems
- Aerospace — fuel tanks, fuel lines, structural components
- Pharmaceutical equipment
- Non-sparking tools and components
- Cryogenic equipment
- Heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators
- Pump and valve components
- Fasteners, springs, instrument fittings