Overview
2024-T351 is a high-strength, heat-treatable aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy sheet, commonly referred to as the "aircraft alloy." The T351 temper combines solution heat treatment, stress relief by controlled stretching (1.5–3% permanent set), and natural aging, delivering exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, excellent fatigue resistance, and good dimensional stability. It is one of the most widely used aluminum alloys in aerospace structural applications.
Description (English)
2024-T351 is a high-strength, heat-treatable aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy sheet, commonly referred to as the "aircraft alloy." The T351 temper combines solution heat treatment, stress relief by controlled stretching (1.5–3% permanent set), and natural aging, delivering exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, excellent fatigue resistance, and good dimensional stability. It is one of the most widely used aluminum alloys in aerospace structural applications.
Size Range
- THK:0.006 in (0.15 mm) up to 2.00 in (50.8 mm)
- WID:24 in (610 mm) up to 96 in (2440 mm)
- L:48 in (1220 mm) up to 240 in (6100 mm)
Grade Specification
| System | Value |
|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 UNS | A92024 |
| ISO | AW-2024 |
| 🇪🇺 EN | EN AW-2024 (AlCu4Mg1) |
| 🇯🇵 JIS | A2024 |
| 🇨🇳 GB | 2A12 (LY12) |
| 🇺🇸 ASTM | 2024 |
| 🇬🇧 BS | BS L111 / BS 4L 63 |
| 🇩🇪 DIN | AlCuMg2 / 3.1325 |
| 🇷🇺 GOST | 116 |
| 🇦🇺 AS | ASNA 2213 / C2024 |
| Italy | P-ALCu4Mg1 |
Chemical Composition
| Element | Value |
|---|---|
| Cu | 3.8 – 4.9 |
| Mg | 1.2 – 1.8 |
| Mn | 0.30 – 0.9 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.50 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.25 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.10 |
| Ti | ≤ 0.15 |
| Other (each) | ≤ 0.05 |
| Other (total) | ≤ 0.15 |
Mechanical Properties
| productCenter.property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | MIN 420 |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | MIN325 |
| Elongation (%) – ≥ 0.063 in thick | MIN15 |
Physical Properties
| Property | Unit | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Density (g/cm³) | g/cm³ | 2.78 |
| Melting Range (°C) | °C | 502 – 638 |
| Solidus Temperature (°C) | - | 502 |
| Liquidus Temperature (°C) | - | 638 |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (µm/m·°C, 20–300°C) | ×10⁻⁶/K | 22.9 |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K, 25°C) | W/m·K | 121 |
| Electrical Conductivity (% IACS) | - | 30 |
| Electrical Resistivity (nΩ·m, 25°C) | μΩ·cm | 57.3 |
| Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg·K) | J/kg·K | 875 |
| Poisson's Ratio | - | 0.33 |
| Modulus of Rigidity (GPa) | - | 28 |
Applications
- Aerospace: Aircraft fuselage skins, wing structures, stringers, bulkheads, ribs, shear webs, and structural panels
- Defense: Missile components, armor plate backing, tactical vehicle structural parts, ordnance components
- Industrial: Machine tool parts, hydraulic manifolds, tooling jigs and fixtures, bicycle frames, ladder structures, structural supports
- Marine (Alclad): Boat hulls, deck structures, marine fittings (Alclad variant only)
- Sports Equipment: Baseball bats, bicycle components, ski poles, recreational vehicle structures